Structural integrity is an important attribute of aircraft structure. Generally, the description of structural integrity is a qualitative description, which emphasizes the maintenance of structural integrity. However, a lack of quantitative description on structural integrity is disadvantageous to the comprehensive development of structural integrity. For this reason, a concept of structural integrity is proposed in this paper. A quantitative measurement is proposed to measure the structural integrity by the structural integrity degree, and the structural integrity degree is evaluated based on the safety degree, intact degree, survival rate and availability degree of the structure. A structural integrity control concept, taking the maximum structural integrity degree as an optimum structural integrity control scheme, is put forward. And the basic connotation of structural integrity control, including the openloop control, the coordination control and the weighing control, is expounded. Finally, the basic task of the structural integrity control is expounded by the framework of the Establish/AssessmentSustainmentValidationRecovery/Increment–Control. The measure and control method of aircraft structural integrity proposed in this paper is also applicable to the structural integrity of other equipment.