Bismuth layer-structured CaBi2Nb2O9 piezoelectric ceramics are prepared by solid state synthetize process. The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure, morphology, density and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics are investigated. The phase composition, structure and properties for all ceramics are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the temperature dependence of the relative dielectric permittivity. The results show that the pure bismuth layer-structured is obtained for all the specimens. The grains are of highly anisotropic plate-like shape, the grain size is increased with the raising of the sintering temperature, and the density of ceramics gradually is first increased and then decreased. The optimum sintering temperature is 1 150 ℃, and the relative dielectric permittivity of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramic samples shows that the Curie temperature (Tc) is about 943 ℃.