Aimed at the problems that being multi-electric/all-electric aircraft and in view of development trend, modern aircraft is heavy in weight in taking off and high at landing speed, a key research direction of anti-skid control of aircraft brake system, all-electric brake, brake material and other advanced technologies is put forward. First, the composition of the aircraft brake system and its basic working principle is introduced, and then its development process and research status from three aspects of brake control system, anti-skid control theory and brake material technology are summarized. Finally, according to the characteristics of modern aircraft braking, the existing problems of the above-mentioned three important technologies are analyzed, and the development direction of aircraft braking system in the future is prospected.