The transmitted signal of a distributed networked system needs to meet the requirements of strong diversity characteristics. The diversity characteristics between ZC sequences of the same length and different root values are determined by the root value itself and its root value difference. In this paper, the diversity characteristics of ZCOFDM signals are studied by the isomorphism between the ZC sequence and the sampling sequence of ZCOFDM signals. Combining the diversity characteristics of ZCOFDM signals and the characteristics of distributed networked systems, an optimal effective sampling length calculation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is used to solve how the effective sampling length of the transmitted signal is determined so that the diversity characteristics of them can reach the strongest when the number of distributed network systems is limited as well as the bandwidth and time width of the transmitted signal. Combined with the time width, bandwidth range and optimal effective sampling length calculation algorithm of conventional detection signals, the parameters of the waveform are designed, and the signal processing effect of the distributed network system is simulated. The simulation results show that the ZCOFDM signals with different root values are characterized by enabling the distributed networked system to effectively separate the echo signals of the signals transmitted by each transmitting station during the echo receiving process.