Life of aircraft is determined by the life of aircraft structures，and the durability life and safety life of aircraft structure are the foundations for the safety in service. On the basis of deeply analyzing about the effect of key factors on structure service life in the process of design, manufacture and service, this paper is going to focus on the prediction method of structure residual life and the life expansion technology based on the “safe life envelope”. The research category of the aircraft structure life control technology and the adjust method of aircraft service plan are elaborated. The aircraft structural life control technology in this paper can transform the aircraft structure life management measure from the traditional “fixed consumption” model to the “active control” model.